- Tunisia votes with Saied set for re-election
- Bagnaia sets 'example' with Japan MotoGP win to cut gap on Martin
- Intense Israeli bombing rocks Beirut ahead of war anniversary
- Mozambique vote: no suspense but some disillusion
- Austrian rapper channels anti-racist rage in Romani hip-hop songs
- Ohtani magic powers Dodgers over Padres in MLB playoff thriller
- Five of the best: Pakistan-England Test thrillers
- Man sets arm on fire as marches across US mark Gaza war anniversary
- Vietnam's young coffee entrepreneurs brew up a revolution
- Trump rallies at site of failed assassination: 'Never quit'
- Too hot by day, Dubai's floodlit beaches are packed at night
- Is music finally reckoning with #MeToo?
- Fans hail Trump's 'guts' as he returns to site of rally shooting
- Lebanon state media says 'very violent' Israeli strikes hit south Beirut
- Guardians maul Tigers, miracle Mets rally in MLB series openers
- Lebanon state media says Israeli strikes hit south Beirut
- Miami on track for MLS record points after win in Toronto
- Madrid beat Villarreal but Carvajal suffers knee injury
- Madrid beat Villarreal to move level with Liga leaders Barcelona
- Monaco take top spot in Ligue 1 with win at Rennes
- French rugby player on rape charge whistled but 'serene' on return
- Madrid beat Villarreal to level Liga leaders Barca
- Thuram treble fires Inter past Torino and up to second
- 'Fight': defiant Trump jets in to site of rally shooting
- Toddler among 3 dead in migrant Channel crossings
- Mexico City's new mayor sworn in with pledges on water, housing
- Israel on alert ahead of Hamas attack anniversary
- Guardians maul Tigers in MLB playoff series opener
- Macron criticises Israel on Gaza, Lebanon operations
- French rugby player whistled but 'serene' on return amid ongoing rape case
- Kovacic stars as Man City sink Fulham to get title bid back on track
- Retegui hat-trick fires five-star Atalanta to hammering of Genoa
- Heavyweights Australia, England off to World Cup winning starts
- Visiting UN refugee agency chief decries 'terrible crisis' in Lebanon
- Spinners come to party as England defeat Bangladesh at T20 World Cup
- Search continues for missing in deadly Bosnia floods
- Man City sink Fulham to get title bid back on track
- France's Auradou whistled on Pau return in Perpignan loss amid ongoing rape case
- A 'forgotten' valley in storm-hit North Carolina, desperate for help
- Arsenal hit back in style after Southampton scare
- Thousands march for Palestinians ahead of Oct 7 anniversary
- Hezbollah heir apparent Safieddine out of contact after strikes
- Liverpool stay top of Premier League as Arsenal, Man City win
- In dank Tour of Emilia, Pogacar shines in rainbow jersey
- DR Congo launches mpox vaccination drive, hoping to curb outbreak
- Trump returns to site of failed assassination
- Careless Leverkusen held to Bundesliga draw
- O'Brien's 'superstar' Kyprios posts landmark win on Arc weekend
- Toddler crushed to death in migrant Channel crossing
- Liverpool suffer Alisson injury blow
The universe's accelerated expansion might be slowing down
The universe is still expanding at an accelerating rate, but it may have slowed down recently compared to a few billion years ago, early results from the most precise measurement of its evolution yet suggested Thursday.
While the preliminary findings are far from confirmed, if they hold up it would further deepen the mystery of dark energy -- and likely mean there is something important missing in our understanding of the cosmos.
These signals of our universe's changing speeds were spotted by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), which is perched atop a telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in the US state of Arizona.
Each of the instrument's 5,000 fibre-optic robots can observe a galaxy for 20 minutes, allowing astronomers to chart what they have called the largest-ever 3D map of the universe.
"We measured the position of the galaxies in space but also in time, because the further away they are, the more we go back in time to a younger and younger universe," Arnaud de Mattia, a co-leader of the DESI data interpretation team, told AFP.
Just one year into its five-year survey, DESI has already drawn up a map which includes six million galaxies and quasars using light that stretches up to 11 billion years into the universe's past.
The results were announced at conferences in the United States and Switzerland on Thursday, ahead of a series of scientific papers being published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics.
DESI is on a mission to shed light on the nature of dark energy -- a theoretical phenomenon thought to make up roughly 70 percent of the universe.
Another 25 percent of the universe is composed of the equally mysterious dark matter, leaving just five percent of normal matter -- such as everything you can see.
- An inconstant constant? -
For more than a century, scientists have known that the universe started expanding after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago.
But in the late 1990s, astronomers were shocked to discover it has been expanding at an ever-increasing rate.
This was a surprise because gravity from matter -- both normal and dark -- was thought to have been slowing the universe down.
But obviously something was making the universe expand at ever-faster speeds, and the name "dark energy" was given to this force.
More recently, it was discovered that the acceleration of the universe significantly sped up around six billion years after the Big Bang.
In the push-and-pull between matter and dark energy, the latter certainly seems to have the upper hand, according to the leading model of the universe called the Lambda CDM.
Under this model, the quickening expansion of the universe is called the "cosmological constant," which is closely linked to dark energy.
DESI director Michael Levi said that so far, the instrument's early results were showing "basic agreement with our best model of the universe".
"But we're also seeing some potentially interesting differences which could indicate that dark energy is evolving with time," Levi said in a statement.
In other words, the data "seems to show that the cosmological constant Lambda is not really a constant," because dark energy would be displaying "dynamic" and changing behaviour, De Mattia said.
- Slowing down in old age -
This could suggest that -- after switching into high gear six billion years after the Big Bang -- the speed at which the universe has been expanding has been "slowing down in recent times," DESI researcher Christophe Yeche said.
Whether dark energy does in fact change over time would need to be verified by more data from DESI and other instruments, such as the space telescope Euclid.
But if it was confirmed, our understanding of the universe will likely have to be changed to accommodate for this strange behaviour.
For example, the cosmological constant could be replaced by some kind of field linked to some as-yet-unknown particle.
It could even necessitate updating the equations of Einstein's theory of relativity "so that they behave slightly differently on the scale of large structures," De Mattia said.
But we are not there yet.
The history of science is full of examples in which "deviations of this type have been observed then resolved over time," De Mattia emphasised.
After all, Einstein's theory of relativity has withstood more than a century of scientific poking and prodding and still stands stronger than ever.
F.Schneider--AMWN