- Bayern hit nine, Real Madrid and Liverpool win as new Champions League kicks off
- Author John Grisham joins bid to save Texas death row inmate
- Venezuela arrests fourth American over alleged 'plot' against Maduro
- 'Happy' Mbappe strikes on Madrid Champions League debut win over Stuttgart
- Man Utd hit Barnsley for seven in League Cup rout
- Dolphins quarterback Tagovailoa facing concussion layoff
- Stylish Liverpool strut past Milan in confident Champions league opener
- Kane scores four as Bayern put nine past Zagreb in the Champions League
- Mbappe strikes on Madrid Champions League debut win over Stuttgart
- More than 3,600 food packaging chemicals found in human bodies
- Harris calls Trump as assassination scare sparks tensions
- Dow edges down from record as some eye a smaller Fed rate cut
- Sommer vows Inter will 'defend with all we have' to stop Haaland
- Report links meatpacking companies to 'war on nature' in Brazil
- Bolivian ex-leader Morales, backers set out on weeklong protest march
- Smith grateful to McCullum for launching his England career
- Arizona to ask court to rule on voting rights
- Villa make perfect start on Champions League return after 41-year absence
- Israeli supply chain infiltration likely behind Hezbollah pager blasts: analysts
- Rodgers backs Celtic to be 'really competitive' in Champions League
- Spacewalk an 'emotional experience' for private astronauts
- Storm Boris toll rises to 22 in central Europe
- Nine dead, 2,800 wounded as Lebanon's Hezbollah hit by pager blasts
- Boeing, union resume talks as strike empties Seattle plants
- Over 3,600 food packaging chemicals found in human bodies
- Australia's Zampa accepts Ashes chances remote as 100th ODI looms
- UN General Assembly debates call for end to Israeli occupation
- Marseille complete signing of French international Rabiot
- Easterby to fill in as Ireland coach while Farrell is with the Lions
- Hezbollah in Lebanon hit by wave of deadly pager blasts
- Postecoglou taken aback by criticism of his second season success claim
- US, European stocks rise on retail sales, rate cut expectations
- Fendi sees Roaring 20s at Milan Fashion Week in challenging times
- Ronaldo's Al Nassr part ways with coach Castro
- Scottish government backs Glasgow to stage troubled 2026 Commonwealth Games
- Storm Boris toll rises to 21 in central Europe
- Instagram, under pressure, tightens protection for teens
- Inflation slows again in Canada to 2%
- US, European stocks rise on eve of Fed rate decision
- EU bans Algerian spread toasted on social media
- Sean 'Diddy' Combs charged with racketeering, sex trafficking
- Trump returns to campaign trail after assassination scare
- Activist urges repatriation of Native Americans dead in Paris 'human zoo'
- US retail sales see slight rise, beating expectations
- US Fed begins two-day meeting set to end with rate cut
- Exploding Hezbollah pagers wound hundreds across Lebanon
- Runners-up Yokohama thrashed 7-3 in AFC Champions League goal fest
- Sean 'Diddy' Combs to plead not guilty to racketeering, sex trafficking
- Jihadist group claims rare attack on Mali capital
- 'I am a rapist,' Frenchman tells trial over mass rape of wife
Kenya jail goes green to fix sewage woes and protect sea
Heading north from Mombasa, the unmistakable whiff of a foul stench in the air was as reliable as any mile marker for motorists taking the highway along the Kenyan coast.
"You would always know you were near Shimo la Tewa Prison," said Stephen Mwangi, a government scientist who has lived for decades in the coastal region where thousands of inmates are incarcerated in a maximum security jail.
The smell wasn't coming from the prison itself but its septic system, which had collapsed from overuse.
Every day, a small river of sewage flowed downhill into Mtwapa Creek, which empties into the Indian Ocean.
The contamination threatened fishing grounds, waterside hotels and restaurants, and the tropical reefs of Mombasa's protected marine park, a jewel of the tourism industry just offshore.
Motorists pinched their noses as they passed over the creek but on the prison grounds, the stench was inescapable.
Government lodgings used by prison wardens and hospital staff were deemed uninhabitable, and abandoned over public health concerns.
"Those who were living in the quarters were really affected by the smell," said Erick Ochieng, deputy officer in charge of Shimo la Tewa Prison.
"It was not good."
- Harnessing nature -
In an effort to solve the perennial menace, a low-cost "green tech" approach is being adopted to treat the wastewater.
An artificial wetland is being constructed on the prison grounds -- a simple yet efficient system that mimics the way nature cleans pollutants from water using vegetation, soil and microbes.
Once fully operational -- expected by end-April -- sewage will first pass through an improved septic tank where solids are separated.
From there, the semi-treated water percolates through underground beds of sand and gravel, filtering out pathogens and other impurities.
The end result should be safe not only for the creek, but irrigating farms or fish ponds around the prison, said Mwangi, a scientist with the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, which is involved in the project.
Reeds planted on the surface of the wetland help with filtration and absorb nutrients from below, attracting birds and other wildlife, and beautifying a space few dared linger in the past.
"There will be no smell. We will actually have a very good environment," said Mwangi.
- Climate friendly -
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP), which sponsors the project, said artificial wetlands offered an affordable and versatile solution for sanitation, while storing carbon and helping cool the planet.
Champions of the technology say big cost savings are possible thanks to relatively inexpensive materials that filter the waste through simple gravity.
Traditional sewage systems require huge volumes of concrete to create retention ponds for the waste, and pumps and other electricity-gobbling machinery to treat it.
GreenWater, the Kenya-based company building the Shimo la Tewa system, has constructed sustainable wetland systems for schools, homes, businesses and farms.
The prison complex houses as many as 6,000 people -- convicts but also jail wardens, hospital staff and courthouse officials -- and the project serves as a model for other built-up areas on waterways and beaches.
Home to 40 percent of the world's population, coastal areas are among the most densely populated parts of the planet, UNEP says.
Creeks and inlets along the Kenyan coast self-clean by flushing out water with the ebbing and flowing of tides, said ecologist David Obura.
"The problem is now with just so many people, and so much pressure... that cleaning function has been overwhelmed," said Obura, director of CORDIO East Africa, a Kenya-based oceans research institute.
"It's not working anymore. And you can see it on the Kenyan coast."
Sewage dumped into creeks around Mombasa -- Kenya's oldest and second-largest city -- drifts north on the winds and currents, turning beaches brown and harming coral reefs, seagrass and fisheries.
Obura said it was too late for a major overhaul of sewage systems in crowded cities like Mombasa, but artificial wetlands were a "key tool" for policymakers trying to address the pollution crisis.
"We need to have locally-driven treatment using natural systems, and then I think we can really start to resolve some of these challenges."
P.Martin--AMWN